The content of the article
Macrolide antibiotics are popular among the population, especially for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, the number of sensitive microbes to these drugs is much wider. "Azithromycin" is widely used in obstetric-gynecological, urological practice. Ease of administration and high efficiency are the main advantages of the drug.
Composition and principle of action
"Azithromycin" refers to the group of azalides, in the composition contains the same active substance. It has high bioavailability, when it enters the body after three hours, reaches maximum concentrations in the blood. The following microorganisms fall into the spectrum of action of Azithromycin:
- streptococci, staphylococci - “responsible” for all purulent inflammatory processes;
- Bordetella, Legionella - cause respiratory tract infections;
- campylobacter, helicobacter - cause gastrointestinal diseases;
- gonococci - cause gonorrhea;
- gardnerella - provoke bacterial vaginosis;
- STI - sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, trichomonads;
- bacteriodes - anaerobic bacteria.
Azithromycin is distributed throughout the body. But its highest concentrations are observed in the following tissues:
- Airways;
- genitals
- urinary system;
- skin and underlying tissue.
Therefore, most often the drug is prescribed for the treatment of diseases associated with damage to these organs and tissues. An important feature of Azithromycin is its ability to accumulate intracellularly. Some pathogenic microorganisms spend the main part of the life cycle precisely inside the cell structures, where not all drugs can “get” to. This unique property of microbes leads to their chronic persistence (constant “living”) in the body. "Azithromycin" penetrates into lysosomes (cell elements) and phagocytes, which accumulate in the focus of inflammation, destroying pathogens there.
When used
How to take azithromycin in adults and how much does it work? It is optimal to prescribe the medicine after determining the sensitivity to it and only according to indications. Independent uncontrolled intake leads to the emergence of pathogen resistance. What helps the drug? The use of Azithromycin tablets 500 mg is justified in the following cases:
- respiratory tract infections - bronchitis, pneumonia;
- ENT inflammation - sinusitis (frontal sinusitis, sinusitis), otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis (tonsillitis);
- inflammation of the skin and lymph nodes - impetigo, erysipelas, secondary infection in the presence of a lesion nearby;
- genital infections — chlamydia, ureaplasmosismycoplasmosis trichomoniasisgonorrhea syphilis;
- gastrointestinal diseases - in the event that they are associated with infection by Helicobacter pillory;
- urinary tract infections - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, as well as prostatitis;
- other ailments - scarlet fever, borreliosis, whooping cough, bacterial intestinal infections.
In obstetrics and gynecology
In gynecological and obstetric practice, in addition to Azithromycin STI treatment, the drug is used in the following cases:
- for the prevention of complications after abortion, curettage;
- after hysteroscopy, laparoscopy;
- in treatment bartholinitis and inflammation of the Bartholin gland cyst;
- for treatment cervicitis, endometritisadnexitis.
Indications for use of "Azithromycin" for pregnant women:
- with polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios;
- with fetal growth retardation;
- with suspected intrauterine infection;
- with premature discharge of water;
- with hydrocephalus in a child according to the results of ultrasound.
When should not be prescribed
Typically, the drug is well tolerated and practically does not entail side effects. But contraindications for taking are the following conditions:
- allergic reactions to macrolides;
- chronic renal failure;
- serious liver dysfunction;
- established arrhythmias.
Instructions and method for the use of "Azithromycin"
In each clinical situation, the regimen of taking "Azithromycin" and the necessary combinations with other drugs is determined by the doctor. Standard destination options are presented in the table.
Table - Dosage of "Azithromycin" for various pathologies
| Disease | Reception schedule |
|---|---|
| Respiratory tract infections | 500 mg once a day for 3 days |
| Skin and underlying tissue infections, Lyme disease | - On the first day, 1 g once; - from the second to the fifth days, 500 mg once a day |
| Genitourinary infections and gynecological diseases | - 1 g once; - you can repeat the course after 7 days |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 1 g once a day for 3 days |
| Obstetric pathology | - 1 g once; - in more complex cases: 500 mg for 7-10 days |
The drug is available in the form of capsules of 250 mg and 500 mg, as well as tablets of 125, 500 mg. There is a children's form - a powder for the preparation of a suspension of "Azithromycin".
Side effect
In 3-5% of cases of taking the drug, adverse reactions develop. Usually this is slight nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and bloating. Less common are the following effects of admission:
- palpitations;
- pain behind the sternum;
- headache, drowsiness, anxiety;
- vaginal candidiasis;
- impaired renal function;
- allergic reactions.
special instructions
Caution should be exercised when combined with other drugs. The most striking examples of interaction are presented in the table.
Table - Drug Interactions
| Drug group | The effect of co-administration |
|---|---|
| Antacids | Slow down the absorption of the drug "Azithromycin" |
| "Digoxin" | Increases the effect of "Digoxin" |
| Ergotamine | The risk of adverse reactions "Ergotamine" increases |
| - Tetracyclines - “Chloramphenicol” | Strengthen the effectiveness of "Azithromycin" |
| Lincosamines | Reduce the effectiveness of "Azithromycin" |
| - "Methylprednisolone"; - "Bromocriptine"; - “Carbamazepine” | The toxic effect of these drugs is enhanced |
Also slow the absorption of "Azithromycin" alcohol and any food.
Analogs
"Azithromycin" has a large number of analogues with the same active substance and dosages, it can be either injections or tablets. According to doctors, the following suitable drugs can be distinguished:
- "Azikar";
- "Sumamed";
- "Zitrolide";
- Hemomycin;
- Ecomed;
- Sumamecin.
Drugs from the macrolide group Josamycin, Erythromycin, and Clarithromycin are also comparable in spectrum of action.
"Azithromycin" is a popular and effective drug for the treatment of infectious diseases of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, genitourinary infections, inflammation of the ENT organs and respiratory tract. Reviews about "Azithromycin" in capsules and tablets indicate a small number of complications of administration and simple regimens.
Reviews
I am glad that antibiotics are now taken in such short courses. Previously, even with a common cold, they had to drink at least five days, and then they prescribed azithromycin from cervicitis for only three days, and their husband was previously prescribed from prostatitis monural, so in general it was taken once. At least we have some obvious progress.
Rita, https://www.piluli.ru/product/Azitromicin/review
When tests of chlamydia showed, a doctor in the district clinic gave me three different antibiotics, such as they all need to be drunk in turn. I was not very happy then, and went to another doctor in a private clinic. so he said that you can drink 2 tablets of azithromycin only 1 time !!! and the treatment is finished !!! I did so and the tests were in perfect order, and there was no need to poison a bunch of pills.
Anton, https://www.piluli.ru/product/Azitromicin/review
I was carried away by him and jammed any beginning pharyngitis-laryngitis. At the same time, I have chronic tonsillitis. In general, in one of the tonsillitis I got resistance. What I sacredly believed that would help - did not help. Lost time and tonsillitis turned into purulent. I got out only Zinnat in horse doses. More with the onset of laryngitis, pharyngitis I do not drink any antibiotics, just spray with hexoral and passes after 3-4 days
a guest, http://www.woman.ru/health/woman-health/thread/4850747/
My daughter (24 years old) was diagnosed with right-sided pneumonia, confirmed clinically and radiologically. He was treated by a therapist in a polyclinic at the place of residence, "through the sleeves", his condition worsened. On the advice of a familiar pulmonologist, cephalosporins were pierced for 7 days in combination with azithromycin for 6 days per os. Repeated examination of the pulmonologist and X-ray control after 10 days did not reveal symptoms of the disease. Recovery. And another case. Being on a business trip in Uzbekistan, he operated on scoliosis and implanted an endocorrector. In two patients, 3 days after the operation, the temperature began to rise in the evenings to 39 C, there was a cloudy discharge from the wound. In addition to cephalosporin prophylaxis, he prescribed azithromycin per os, 1 capsule per day, 4 days. The condition has improved, the temperature has passed. On day 11, the patient was discharged home. A follow-up examination after 1 year did not reveal any problems. I think I managed to avoid suppuration and the formation of fistulas.
Matyushin E. A, https://protabletky.ru/azithromycin/#otzivi
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