Vitamin B12 in ampoules names of injections, norms, instructions for use, contraindications

The injectable form of vitamin B12 contains it in its purest form. In tablet dosage forms, the substance is contained along with other compounds. The action and purpose of different dosage forms is different, as well as the rules for their use.

Characterization of the active substance

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12) is a micronutrient that is actively involved in the internal reactions of the conversion of chemicals. The largest cobalt-containing vitamin molecule after conversion is part of vital enzymes. Another name for the vitamin - the antianemic factor - is assigned to it due to its ability to regulate erythropoiesis.

Varieties

Two Vitamers Vit B12 differ in spatial orientation. Their names are cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin. Both molecules are varieties of vitamin B12 and are part of drugs.

Deoxyadenosylcobalamide (cobamamide) or methylcobalamin are active forms of the vitamin that exhibit a therapeutic effect and are formed in the human body after the inactive form delivered with the drug enters the liver. There, under the action of enzymes, it is activated.

Role in physiology

Cyanocobalamin affects the human body at the molecular level, providing transformations that affect the work of cells, tissues, organs.

• Skin and mucous membrane repair. The normal level of B12 is necessary for tissues that are rapidly updated - the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes, the composition of the blood. The optimal functioning of these tissues depends on the speed with which their cells divide. It is provided by tetrahydrofolate acid, which is formed from folic acid by the action of reductases - special enzymes. The existence of reductases is impossible without cyanocobalamin.
• The function of erythropoiesis. Tsinokobalamin stimulates timely and effective cell division, from which red blood cells are formed. This ensures the normal form of red blood cells and the quality performance of their functions - the attachment and transfer of oxygen to tissues.
• The transmission of nerve impulses. The work of all nerve cells is based on the myelin coating of nerve fibers. Cobamamide is involved in the formation of the main component of myelin - succinic acid. Without it, degeneration of nerve fibers will occur, and therefore, demyelinated nerve fibers will not perform their functions - transmit nerve impulses.
• Participation in fat metabolism. Methionine, formed from homocysteine ​​by cyanocobalamin, is involved in the removal of excess body fat by the liver.This prevents fatty degeneration of tissues of vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart.

The listed effects are essential for the functioning of the body. In addition to them, vitamin B12 is necessary for a number of other enzymatic transformations.

Vitamin B12 in ampoules: instructions for use

Pure vitamin B12, produced in ampoules, can be presented as a lyophilisate for the preparation of an injection solution or as a ready-made sterile solution for injections. Its characteristics are as follows:

• dose - 0.5 or 0.2 mg in one ampoule;
• volume - 1 ml or amount of lyophilisate intended to dissolve 1 ml of water for injection;
• methods of administration - intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intralumbal;
• features - the finished solution looks like a pink liquid.

Intravenous and intralumbal injections are administered only in a hospital setting. It is important to understand that the methods of administration for different active substances differ:

• hydroxocobalamin - intended for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration;
• cobamamide - intravenous and intramuscular administration;
• cyanocobalamin - all routes of administration.

Other injectable drugs based on cyanocobalamin

In the modern pharmaceutical market, there are injections with pure cyanocobalamin, as well as complex preparations containing B vitamins. Examples are shown in the table. Combined products contain special substances that prevent the inactivation of vitamins.

Table - Injectable Vitamin B12 Preparations

When to inject

The metabolic and hematopoietic effect of vitamin B12 provides a list of indications for the administration of the drug.

• Anemia. Comprehensive and basic therapy for anemia associated with Addison-Birmer syndrome, iron deficiency, blood loss, aplastic processes, chemicals entering the body.
• Liver disease. Comprehensive treatment of cirrhosis, hepatitis of any cause (etiology), liver failure.
• Pathology of the nervous system. Combined therapy of polyneuritis, neuralgia, injuries of peripheral nerve endings, multiple sclerosis, myelosis, as well as cerebral palsy, autism, Down syndrome.
• With intoxication. With alcoholism, metal intoxication, febrile infections of etiology, as well as with renal failure, vitamin B12 injections are prescribed.
• With dermatological problems. At psoriasis, photodermatosis, as well as atopic dermatitis, vitamin B12 provides enhanced regeneration of the skin.
• For the prevention of deficiency. With oncology of the stomach, intestines, pancreas, with resection of the stomach, malabsorption of vitamin A, with Crohn's disease, celiac disease, radiation sickness.

Pills

They are prescribed for the prevention and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency, as part of the treatment of diseases accompanied by its lack. The most commonly prescribed vitamin B tablets are in the treatment of neurological disorders and neuralgia. A significant advantage of tablets is the convenience and safety of use. There is a recipe in Russian and Latin, the specialist will be able to decrypt.

The main indications for the use of vitamin B12 in tablets:

• neuralgia, neuritis;
• chronic anemia;
• low hemoglobin;
• unbalanced nutrition;
• psoriasis;
• pain of neurological origin;
• osteochondrosis;
• stomatitis.

Vitamins containing cyanocobalamin are also prescribed in complex therapy. uterine fibroids. How to drink them? The regimen and dosage of vitamin B12 is selected only by the doctor.

Tableted formulations intended for the treatment of diseases with B12 deficiency contain dosages in excess of 240 mcg per tablet. This ensures a sufficient intake of cyanocobalamin. Examples of such drugs:

• Neurovitan
• "Neurobion";
• "Neurorubin";
• Milgamma
• Neurobeks.

Features of suction

According to doctors, the deficiency of cyanocobalamin is associated with disturbances in the functioning of the stomach, and its deficiency is observed mainly in hypoacid gastritis. This is due to a violation of the mechanism of assimilation of B12, proceeding in several stages.

• The formation of the complex. In the acidic environment of the stomach (and only under this condition), cyanocobalamin binds to a protein substance called Castle factor and forms a complex that penetrates the small intestine.
• Suction. Through the walls of the small intestine, the formed substance penetrates the hepatic portal vein, is split and activated by hepatocytes with the formation of cobamamide.
• Distribution. Together with blood flow, B12 is distributed to all organs and tissues, showing therapeutic activity.
• Collection. Once in the liver, cyanocobalamin is deposited in the depot, and its excess is excreted along with urine and feces.

Thus, if the acidity of the stomach is violated, and the Castle factor is not produced, the body will not be able to absorb and use B12 even if it is sufficiently supplied with food.

What is important to consider. How to use them correctly and in what cases

The use of any dosage form of cyanocobalamin requires preliminary diagnosis for its deficiency or diagnostic confirmation of the indications for use. Only after this, the doctor prescribes the recommended drug, selects its dosage and regimen.

• For kids. B12 is necessary for normal growth, development, metabolic processes, but you can not choose a dosage for children yourself. Even external use in infants must be agreed with the pediatrician.
• For pregnant. If the pregnant woman has symptoms of a deficiency of cyanocobalamin, the doctor may prescribe her to take his tablet form. vitamin B12 during pregnancy is prescribed only taking into account the potential benefits and risks, since there is evidence of a possible negative effect of an excess of the substance on the fetus.In order to prevent deficiency, it is possible to use injections or tablets with B12 at the stage of pregnancy planning.
• For nursing. During lactation, the use of any drugs is undesirable. Doctors recommend making up for the lack of cyanocobalamin by eating foods rich in them.

In some cases, the drug may have a negative effect. Therefore, it is especially important to consider its contraindications and side effects.

• Contraindications Cyanocobolamine can not be used for individual intolerance, thrombosis, as well as for erythrocytosis. Diseases such as angina pectoris, benign or malignant neoplasms require careful use.
• Side effects. Long-term use of high doses of canocobalamin leads to the formation of purine deposits in the joints, as well as to increase blood coagulation. Reviews of vitamin B12 indicate a rare occurrence of effects such as increased CNS excitability and tachycardia. An allergic reaction, manifested by urticaria, may indicate sensitivity not to the active substance, but to other ingredients in the composition of the drug.
• Overdose. Subject to therapeutic doses, an overdose of cyanocobalamin is not observed.

Vitamin 12c affects many processes that occur inside the body. Dosages for administration and courses of treatment may vary depending on the clinical picture of the disease. The intake of multivitamins containing B12, there is no need to coordinate with your doctor. The use of therapeutic drugs, as well as injections, require compulsory medical prescription. The price is not high, you can see on the Internet at pharmacy sites.

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